CHEM 0012B. Organic Chemistry II
Units: 5
Prerequisite: Completion of CHEM 12A with grade of "C" or better
Advisory: Eligibility for ENGL 1A strongly recommended
Hours: 162 (54 lecture, 108 laboratory)
Focuses on carbon based molecules and emphasizes structure, kinetics, thermodynamics, spectroscopy, and synthesis. Includes the emerging field of "Green Chemistry." Required for majors in Chemistry as well as many other related fields. (combined with CHEM 12A, C-ID CHEM 160S) (CSU, UC)
CHEM 0012B - Organic Chemistry II
http://catalog.sierracollege.edu/course-outlines/chem-0012b/
Catalog Description DESCRIPTION IS HERE: Prerequisite: Completion of CHEM 12A with grade of "C" or better Advisory: Eligibility for ENGL 1A strongly recommended Hours: 162 (54 lecture, 108 laboratory) Description: Focuses on carbon based molecules and emphasizes structure, kinetics, thermodynamics, spectroscopy, and synthesis. Includes the emerging field of "Green Chemistry." Required for majors in Chemistry as well as many other related fields. (combined with CHEM 12A, C-ID CHEM 160S) (CSU, UC) Units 5 Lecture-Discussion 54 Laboratory 108 By Arrangement Contact Hours 162 Outside of Class Hours Course Student Learning Outcomes Use experimental data to derive the structure of molecules, draw them and predict how their structure will affect their reactivity. Focus on Alkynes, Aromatics and Carbonyls. Predict and draw mechanisms leading to products given the structure of reactant molecules. Focus on Alkynes, Aromatics and Carbonyls. Outline a retrosynthesis and create a synthetic scheme given a target molecule. Focus on Alkynes, Aromatics and Carbonyls. Course Content Outline I. Conjugated Alkenes A. Allylic Resonance B. NBS Bromination C. Hydrohalogenation D. Diels-Alder Reaction E. Electrocyclic Reactions F. UV/Vis Spectroscopy II. Benzene and Aromaticity A. Pi Bonding and Energy B. Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution C. Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution III. Aldehydes and Ketones A. Carbonyl Synthesis and Reactivity B. Acetal Protecting Groups C. Cyanohydrins D. The Wittig Reaction IV. Enols and Enolates A. Aldol Condensation B. Conjugate Addition C. Robinson Annulation V. Carboxylic Acids A. Synthesis B. Acid Derivatives C. Addition-Elimination Mechanism D. Acid Chlorides and Anhydrides VI. Amines A. Synthesis VII. Beta-Dicarbonyls A. Claisen Condensations B. Michael Additions C. Decarboxylations VIII. Carbohydrates A. Stereochemistry and Nomenclature B. Monosaccharides to Polysaccharides C. Cyclic and Linear Sugars D. Structure Elucidation IX. Heterocycles A. Aromaticity B. Electrophiles X. Biological Molecules A. Amino Acids B. DNA Course Objectives Course Objectives Given the periodic chart and other appropriate reference materials, students will be able to perform the following on examinations, laboratory exercises, or in laboratory experiments: Lecture Objectives: 1. Predict missing reactants, reagents or products from the following reactions (including regio- and stereo-chemical considerations): Diels-Alder reaction, Electrocyclic reactions of conjugated alkenes, Electrophilic aromatic substitutions, hydration of a carbonyls, hemiacetals and full acetals formations and deprotections, Cyanohydrin formations and hydrations, Wittig reaction, Baeyer-Villiger oxidation, Keto-Enol Tautomerization, Enolate alkylation, Aldol Condensation and dehydration, Robinson Annulation, Oxidation of primary alcohols to carboxylic acids, hydrolysis of Nitritles, Acid Chloride synthesis, reactions of Carboxylic acids, Amide reactions, Amine synthesis, Nucleophilic Aromatic substitution, Benzyne reactions, Claisen Rearrangement, Claisen Condensation, Beta-Dicarbonyl Alkylation, Decarboxylation of Beta-Keto Acids, Cyclization of linear sugars to hemiacetals, Mutarotation of Cyclic Hemiacetal Saccharides; 2. draw curved arrow mechanisms for selected reactions listed in outcome 1 above; 3. develop retrosynthetic and synthetic routs to make organic compounds from simpler components using the reactions from outcome 1 above; 4. outline the main components of UV, NMR, IR, MS, Polarimetry, GC and HPLC spectrometers; 5. determine the structure of unknown organic molecules given some or all of the spectra or data from the instruments listed in outcome 4 above; 6. discuss the significance of the "Green" Chemistry components of laboratory experiments; 7. define: an Allylic carbon, Conjugated Pi bonds, Diene, s-Cis and s-Trans conjugated dienes, Dienophile, Endo and Exo Diels-Alder products, Aromaticity, Acid derivative, Saccharide, Carbohydrate, Aldose, Ketose, Pentose, Hexose, Monosaccharide, Disaccharide, Polysaccharide, Epimers, Epimerization, Anomers, Anomeric Carbon, D-Saccharides, L-Saccharides, Pyranoses, Acetal, Hemiacetal, Alpha-D-Glucopyranose, Beta-D-Glucopyranose, Mutarotation, Reducing Sugars, Cellulose, Beta-linked polysaccharides, Starch, Glycogen and Alpha-liked polysaccharides, "N-terminal" and "C-terminal" of a Peptide, the 12 principals of Green Chemistry; 8. draw resonance for Allylic and Benzylic radicals, carbocations and anions; 9. compare and contrast reactions under Kinetic vs. Thermodynamic control; 10. draw simple, linear, conjugated Pi Molecular Orbital Diagrams; 11. explain how extended conjugation in organic molecules gives them color; 12. derive IUPAC names of molecules with the following functional groups: Substituted benzene, Aldehydes, Ketones, Carboxylic Acids, Amines, Esters, Amides and be able to use the nomenclature functional group prioritization rules to name molecules with multiple functional groups; 13. predict if cyclic organic compounds are Aromatic, Anti-aromatic or neither; 14. use the concept of aromaticity to predict the pKa of 1,3-cyclopentadiene; 15. use the concepts of induction and resonance to predict the acidity and reactivity of substituted benzene rings; 16. draw the mechanism of an acidic and a basic addition to a carbonyl carbon; 17. use the Acetals as protecting groups (stable to base; NaOH, Grignards, organolithiums, alkyne anions, etc.) in synthetic schemes; 18. predict the acidity of alpha carbons of carbonyls; 19. describe how a Dean-Stark Trap operates; 20. explain why the amide C-N bond has restricted rotation and lower electrophilic reactivity (Resonance) and how this effects the temperature dependence of Amide NMR spectrums; 21. predict that when an amine is added to an acidic aqueous solution the positive charge it gains, usually results in it being water soluble; 22. predict that Beta-Dicarbonyls are more acidic than single Carbonyl compounds; 23. draw the cyclic and linear forms of monosacchrides; 24. predict the aromaticity of Heterocycle and explain how this effects their reactivity; 25. state that Heterocycles are found in many important Biological molecules and drugs; 26. state the Dogma of Biochemistry: (a) Nucleotides polymerize to form DNA, (b) DNA is transcribed as mRNA, (c) mRNA and tRNA polymerize Amino Acids to form Polypeptides (Translation), (d) Polypeptides fold up to form Proteins, (e) Proteins can be Structural or Enzymes (Biological Cat.); 27. predict the protonation state of all acidic/basic functional groups in amino acids that are buffered to a certain pH; 28. draw polypeptides; 29. predict the planarity of an Amide O-N-C bond by considering resonance; 30. derive an amino acid sequence from hydrolysis and Edman Degradation data. Laboratory Objectives: 1. outline the main components of UV, NMR, IR, MS, Polarimetry, GC and HPLC spectrometers; 2. determine the structure of unknown organic molecules given some or all of the spectra or data from the instruments listed in outcome 4 above; 3. discuss the significance of the "Green" Chemistry components of laboratory experiments; 4. define: an Allylic carbon, Conjugated Pi bonds, Diene, s-Cis and s-Trans conjugated dienes, Dienophile, Endo and Exo Diels-Alder products, Aromaticity, Acid derivative, Saccharide, Carbohydrate, Aldose, Ketose, Pentose, Hexose, Monosaccharide, Disaccharide, Polysaccharide, Epimers, Epimerization, Anomers, Anomeric Carbon, D-Saccharides, L-Saccharides, Pyranoses, Acetal, Hemiacetal, Alpha-D-Glucopyranose, Beta-D-Glucopyranose, Mutarotation, Reducing Sugars, Cellulose, Beta-linked polysaccharides, Starch, Glycogen and Alpha-liked polysaccharides, "N-terminal" and "C-terminal" of a Peptide, the 12 principals of Green Chemistry; 5. derive IUPAC names of molecules with the following functional groups: Substituted benzene, Aldehydes, Ketones, Carboxylic Acids, Amines, Esters, Amides and be able to use the nomenclature functional group prioritization rules to name molecules with multiple functional groups; 6. predict that when an amine is added to an acidic aqueous solution the positive charge it gains, usually results in it being water soluble; 7. use Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR, 60 MHz) Spectrometer (Proton and Carbon spectra, 2D: COSY, HETCOR and DEPT), the Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectrometer (with an ATR adapter) and the melting point apparatus by independently running many samples; 8. use the High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) system by running multiple samples in small groups; 9. apply the standard laboratory techniques such as liquid-liquid extractions, crystallizations, distillations, chromatography (thin layer), notebook data recording and experimental report generation (written and oral) by independently performing these tasks; 10. use a Polarimeter by independently running a sample on ours; 11. perform some “green Chemistry” experiments; 12. use all of the above techniques to perform 2 multiple step organic syntheses. Methods of Evaluation Problem Solving Examinations Reports Skill Demonstrations Reading Assignments 1. Read and "Pre-lab" the experiment in which you will perform Green Nitration of Aromatic compounds and characterize the product ratio via GC Chromatography. A "Pre-Lab" includes writing a procedure that will be followed to perform the experiment. 2. Read the chapter on Amines and answer the homework questions given out by the instructor related to the reading. Writing, Problem Solving or Performance 1. Write up a report on the results from the Green Nitration of Aromatic compounds experiment. The report will include a discussion of the results of the reaction as ascertained from GC Chromatographic data and the Green Chemistry aspects of the reaction. 2. Write up a formal report for the synthesis of Biodiesel. This report will include (a) title, (b) author name, (c) abstract, (d) keywords, (e) introduction, (f) results, (g) discussion, (h) conclusion, (i) acknowledgements, (j) experimental and (k) references in the format of the Journal of Organic Chemistry. 3. An oral presentation on the multi step synthesis of an organic will be performed. Other (Term projects, research papers, portfolios, etc.) Methods of Instruction Laboratory Lecture/Discussion Distance Learning Other materials and-or supplies required of students that contribute to the cost of the course.
Course Identification Numbering System (C-ID)
...CHEM 140 CHEM 0140 CHEM 150 CHEM 0012A CHEM 160S CHEM 0012A and CHEM 0012B...
